What is Child-Centered Play Therapy (CCPT)? by Jennifer Eubank LPC-Associate
Child-Centered Play Therapy (CCPT) is grounded in the humanistic principles of Carl Rogers' person-centered theory, which emphasizes the importance of providing a supportive, non-judgmental environment for personal growth. Virginia Axline adapted Rogers’ approach specifically for children, creating CCPT with the belief that, given the right conditions, children have an innate ability to heal and grow. Central to CCPT is the understanding that children, like adults, possess an internal drive toward self-actualization—the natural tendency to realize their potential when offered empathy, acceptance, and safety.
In CCPT, the therapist doesn’t direct or lead the child but instead offers unconditional positive regard, empathy, and a non-directive approach. This means the therapist does not impose their agenda, advice, or solutions on the child but instead follows the child’s lead. The child is allowed to choose the toys they want to play with and decide how to use them. As the child becomes more comfortable in therapy, the unhealthy coping mechanisms ("problem behaviors") they've developed to meet their needs will naturally emerge in the playroom. The safety of the therapeutic relationship allows the child to "try-on" new behaviors and ways of being, leading to healthier ways of coping. This empowers the child and gives them a sense of autonomy, which is crucial for their emotional development and confidence.
The central theory behind CCPT is that play is a child's primary language, allowing them to express emotions and thoughts they may not be able to articulate verbally. By engaging in play within a secure therapeutic relationship, children can express and process feelings, work through conflicts, and make sense of their experiences. The therapist’s role is to reflect the child’s feelings and behaviors, helping the child become more aware of their emotional world and supporting their problem-solving and emotional regulation skills.
The therapist’s non-judgmental acceptance creates a space where children feel understood and validated. This fosters a strong therapeutic alliance, which is crucial for healing and growth. The therapy process is guided by the child’s internal direction and readiness, helping them develop resilience, self-regulation, and a clearer sense of self.
In essence, the theory behind CCPT is about trusting the child’s inherent capacity for self-healing and growth, providing the right conditions for this process to unfold naturally through the power of play.